Thank you for coming back to the discussion Mom2Melli and for giving such a detailed explanation of how your method of training works. It was very insightful and I do agree with the statement that you made - the click does carry a meaning. If it had no meaning then it would be pointless making the sound from a learning perspective. From your explanation I think your click just has more meanings than mine. I'll do a comparison based on your examples:
At Point A - no difference in the use of clicker to train.
Point B - At this point we diverge. I would not use the clicker at this stage because the actions (heel, down, call etc) are learned and this would just be practice. I do not progress with the clicker beyond 'Point A'. For me, the job of the clicker is ONLY to shape(teach)/perfect a particular behaviour. So for instance teaching heelwork, first use the clicker to indicate the correct position when stationary. Once the position is established I raise the bar and move a step and click for dog moving with me and when this is solid then click after a couple of steps in the right position and holding heel position when I stop moving. The behaviour the dog has learned is therefore 'hold heel position.' (I don't do more than 4 steps before clicking because once the dog knows to maintain heel position on the move then the number of steps becomes immaterial and clicking after 10 steps would only be telling him that he was right on the 10th step, not the preceeding 9.)
Once these actions are learned and solid I could do them in a sequence and reward at the end. I would not need to click because the dog now knows what is expected but where you are using the clicker for encouragement/feedback I would be using 'Yes'. If one of the behaviours deteriorated THEN like you I would go back a step and do the 'Point A' steps again to reinforce the correct action.
Point C - This would be where I would use a 'jackpot'. So if Epic has gone round an agility course or Yogi done his obedience test they get a extra big play or handful of treats in the end. These are what I regard as my bonus payouts. The dog has worked super hard over an extended period so has earned something exceeding ordinary at the end. (I pretty much exclusively reserve this for shows and have found this motivates a bit more under stressful conditions. The show environment has come to mean they will get a really special reward.)
So in summary the clicker has a greater number of meanings for your dogs than for mine as you have used it to teach a behaviour (click=instant treat) and to subsequently maintain the behaviour (click=doing great, reward to follow shortly.) For my dogs it is used only to teach the behaviour. The click 'captures/pinpoints' the action the dog has done the instant it hears it.
The difference I feel here also boils down to timing. For your dogs, the click is referring to something they have
done, for mine it refers to something they are
doing. For example teaching Epic to walk backwards I have to (try) and click as he is stepping back, not once he has gone back and stopped because what I'm aiming to tell him is that the going back is correct, not going back and stopping. C&T Yogi as he finishes his heelwork would tell him the sit at the end (or even the release) was the important action. This only becomes important really if someone needs to perfect a behaviour eg sit fast, straight and at heel as opposed to sit at heel.
I 100% agree with you that feedback is necessary. I wouldn't want to go 'cold turkey' from using the clicker to no information, it seems rather unfair and would probably set training back with an anxious dog.
With the random rewarding you mention, this is something else we agree on except I would be making the click the random rather than just the reward. So the dog still knows every time he hears a click he gets the treat but the click doesn't happen on every step, it might be on the second or fourth. He'll work that bit harder in expectation it'll come soon for sure. Same principal just applied slightly differently.
This leads into the click/treat at the end vs reward at end. Again same principal, different application. Our dogs probably work just as hard to the end point because we've both set an expectation of a reward for a task sucessfully done.
On a technical point, I start introducing the 'yes' feedback at the point the dog is starting to consistently and confidently perform the behaviour in response to a cue and I say it just prior to clicking so it develops positive associations. As I begin fading the clicker I will be using the feedback and still rewarding quite frequently but not after every 'yes' so keeping motivation and encouragement while building the concept of a delayed reward.
I would be interested to know whether you have used the clicker to 'fine tune' a behaviour e.g. faster down/tighter heel position and if so how did you do this?
Please be assured I'm not being critical. Far from it

-now I've read your posts I can see the merits of your method, particuarly in that it seems to place less dependance on perfect timing - something I struggle with! Most of the pet owners we train at our club would probably get on better with a method that doesn't requre hair trigger reactions that take practice so rewarding on completion (probably also using lure) would be preferable to shaping. I also imagine your method is quicker, but possibly less presice? Again that would suit our owners because they are not concerned with presicion so long as they get the behaviour. (Presicion is also a very big de-motivator in my experience.

) Plenty of food for thought anyway!
