Herding is a general term. The term is basicly the dogs interactment with sheep-livestock. Gathering is the dog circling around the sheep, ("come-bye" is clockwise, "away to me" is counter clockwise), bringing the sheep to you. You may have also heard the term "fetching". This is what shelties are bred to do. Driving is the dog taking the sheep away from you. This goes "against the grain" of most shelties-not natural for them. There is an invisable balance point or "bubble" in which the sheep respond to the dog. As soon as you see the sheep raise their heads to move that is past the bubble. Chasing sheep is not herding. Dog broke sheep are very important. Test sheep are best for beginner dogs as they are "sticky" and stay with the handler and do not bolt. Trial sheep are more apt to bolt if the dog is too pushy, Remember, a calm, quiet dog will get the job done and is a good experience for both dog & sheep. Shelties are not ones to "grip" or bite sheep which is a BIG no-no anyway. A seasoned dog will bark to get sheep moving if needed. Remember: IF IT"S BORING YOU'RE DOING IT RIGHT!