I'm home all day now so it is pretty easy for me to get the dog out about every hour so that I can praise the heck out of it and avoid mishaps. I don't even wait for the signals because the more I can get them out and praise them, the better they start to understand. Of course we need the occasional accident to tell them that no, this isn't the place and then immediately outside again to show them were the right place is. As long as it is a "crate clean" dog then I would put it in the crate if I had to leave it out of my sight until the penny drops and the dog is pretty reliable. I don't, however, leave puppies in crates for extended periods of time - like going to work. If I had to then I would hire a pet sitter to take it out and walk it for at least half an hour halfway through the morning and then again in the afternoon if I was to be out for the day. Don't forget to clean by sponging up the urine, washing the area with a soapy water solution and then spray with a vinegar water solution and mop up. Puppies can smell a drop of urine in something like 10,000 litres of water and will return to the place they voided previously.
